Blastomycosis (also called North American blastomycosis, Gilchrist's disease, and blastomycetic dermatitis) is an infection caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis.
The fungi can infect humans though most people who inhale the spores don’t become ill. The fungi can also infect animals including pets such as dogs and cats.
The fungus lives in the environment, especially in moist soil and in decomposing matter such as wood and leaves. It is mainly found in the midwestern, south-central, and southeastern U.S., though it can sometimes be found in Canada, Africa, and India.
Blastomycosis infection can start after inhaling microscopic fungal spores from the air in areas where Blastomyces live in the environment. Taking part in outdoor activities such as camping or hunting in wooded may increase the risk for getting blastomycosis.
What Are Symptoms of Blastomycosis?
Half of those infected with Blastomyces will not develop any symptoms. When symptoms of blastomycosis occur, they may include flu-like symptoms such as:
- Fever
- Chills
- Cough
- Muscle or joint discomfort or pain
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
Symptoms of severe blastomycosis may occur, especially in people who are immune compromised, and may include:
- Skin lesions
- Bone lesions
How Is Blastomycosis Diagnosed?
Blastomycosis is diagnosed with a patient history, including travel history to areas where Blastomyces live in the environment, and a physical examination.
Tests used to diagnose blastomycosis include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Imaging tests
- Chest X-rays
- Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the lungs
- Fluid sample taken from the respiratory tract
- Tissue biopsy
How Do You Get Rid of Blastomycosis?
Blastomycosis is treated with prescription antifungal medication including:
- Itraconazole for mild to moderate blastomycosis
- Amphotericin B for severe blastomycosis in the lungs or infections that have spread to other parts of the body
Depending on the severity of the infection and the person’s immune status, treatment may last from six months to one year.
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https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/blastomycosis/index.html